Bringing writers to readers brings readers to writing. Today's students do read-we know that they read a significant amount of email, text messages, web pages, and even magazines. What many do not do is read in a sustained way. Many do not come to college prepared to read long texts, nor do they come with the tools necessary to analyze and synthesize what they read. Nick Delbanco and Alan Cheuse have proven in their own teaching that when you improve students' ability and interest in reading, you will help them improve their writing. A new part 1 in this edition frontloads information for students on both the writing process and the critical use of sources.
Bringing writers to students, brings students to writing. Literature: Craft and Voice is an innovative Introductory Literature program designed to engage students in the reading of Literature, all with a view to developing their reading, analytical, and written skills. Accompanied by, and integrated with, video interviews of dozens of living authors who are featured in the text, conducted by authors Nick Delbanco and Alan Cheuse specifically for use with their textbook, the book provides a living voice for the literature on the page and creates a link between the student and the authors of great works of literature. The first text of its kind,Literature: Craft and Voiceoffers a more enjoyable and effective reading experience through its fresh, inviting design and accompanying rich video program. Digital support is provided through CONNECT Literature which will be totally integrated with the Blackboard CMS.
Table of Contents
Literature: Craft & Voice, 2e *Material marked with is an asterisk is new to this edition * New Part: PART 1: Writing from Reading * New Chapter: *1 Reading and Writing Analytically * The Role of Literature in a Visual Age Gareth Hinds: Beowulf, Graphic Novel Two Film Adaptations of Beowulf *The Rewards of Close Reading *Reading Prepares You for Writing *Writing from Reading and College Success *Connect Writing in College to Writing Beyond College *The Literacy Narrative and Conversations on Writing Questions for Creating Your Own Literacy Narrative A Conversation on Writing with Amy Hempel Amy Hempel, San Francisco (1985) 2 Writing from Reading A Student’s Initial Reaction to “Rapture” An Interactive Reading of Anton Chekhov’s “Rapture” Using Critical Reading Strategies That Support Writing Moving from Summary to Interpretation A Student Paper: A Response to Anton Chekhov’s “Rapture” Reading from Writing * New Chapter: *3 Developing an Argument Source-Based Evidence: Summary vs. Paraphrase vs. Quotation *A Conversation with Robert Pinsky Robert Pinsky, Shirt (1990) Ten Tips for Refining Your Ideas *Making a Claim: A Defensible Thesis *Using Logic to Organize Your Argument *Source-Based Evidence: Quoting, Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Avoiding Plagiarism Using Quotations and Avoiding Plagiarism Using Paraphrase and Avoiding Plagiarism Using Summary and Avoiding Plagiarism *A Student Paper: A Response to Robert Pinsky’s “Shirt” 4 Writing across the Curriculum *Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (1923) Write to Learn Across the Curriculum Use Summary to Distill a Text A Student Paper: A Summary of Herman Melville’s “Bartleby, The Scrivener” Use Analysis to Examie How the Parts Contribute to the Whole Explication William Blake: “The Garden of Love” (1794) Student Paper: An Explication of William Blake’s “The Garden of Love” Card Report Student Card Report on Flannery O’Connor’s “A Good Man Is Hard To Find” Use a Synthesis to Show Relationships Argument Comparison and Contrast Student Comparison-Contrast Paper on Beowulf Use Critique to Bring in Your Own Evaluation Review Find a Effective Approach to the Essay Exam Sample Notes for a Student Essay Exam A Student Essay Exam on Robert Frost’s “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” 5 Writing the Research Paper, Avoiding Plagiarism, and Documenting Sources Langston Hughes, The Dream Keeper (1932) Research Today Elements in a Works Cited Entry: Books Elements in a Works Cited Entry: Periodicals Elements in a Works Cited Entry: Online Resources What Information Requires Documentation? Samples of Types of Information Requiring Documentation Common Knowledge (Documentation Not Required) Working with Sources to Avoid Plagiarism Take Notes on Your Sources Do Not Copy and Paste Directly into Your Paper Keep Bibliographical Information in a Running List of Your Sources Tip: Avoiding Plagiarism and the Web Choosing a Topic Langston Hughes (1902–1967) The Dream Keeper (1932) Harlem (Dream Deferred) (1951) Finding Reliable and Relevant Sources Recognizing Signs of Unreliable Web Sites Tip: Evaluating Web Sources Using Visual Sources Developing a Thesis Creating a Plan Drafting Your Paper Drafting Body Paragraphs Revising Your Draft Draft Introductory Paragraph Revised Introductory Paragraph Draft Supporting Paragraph (Body) Revised Supporting Paragraph (Body) Draft Concluding Paragraph Revised Concluding Paragraph Editing and Formatting Your Paper Box: Questions to Guide Editing A Student Paper: A Research Paper on Langston Hughes *New: Online Casebook: Writing from Reading *Aesop, The Tortoise and the Hare (fable) *Aesop, The Boy Who Cried Wolf (fable) *The Gospel of St. Luke (parable) *William Blake, “Holy Thursday” (poem) *William Blake, “The Clod and the Pebble” (poem) Herman Melville, “Bartleby the Scrivener” (short story PART 2: Fiction 6 Reading a Story for Its Elements A First Reading A Critical Reading A Conversation on Writing with John Updike John Updike, A&P (1961) Story and History What Reading Fiction Gives Us Kate Chopin (1851–1904) The Story of an Hour (1894) Alice Munro (B. 1931) An Ounce of Cure (1968) Suggestions for Writing 7 Writing about Fiction A Conversation on Writing with Jamaica Kincaid Jamaica Kincaid, Girl (1983) From Reading to Writing Checklist for Writing A Sample Student Essay in Progress An Interactive Reading Initial Response Explore Your Ideas Develop a Working Thesis Create a Plan Generate a First Draft First Draft of a Student Paper Writer’s Block Revise Your Draft Edit Your Sentences; Proofread and Format Your Paper * Crafting Your Own Voice: Summary Final Draft A Student Paper: An Analysis of Jamaica Kincaid’s “Girl” Compiling a Writing Portfolio 8 Plot A Conversation on Writing with T. Coraghessan Boyle T. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy Lake (1985) An Artful Arrangement of Incidents Crafting Plot James Joyce (1882–1941) Araby (1914) A Conversation on Writing with Joyce Carol Oates *Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? (1970) Richard Wright (1908-1960) *The Man Who Was Almost a Man (1940) Reading for Plot Suggestions for Writing about Plot 9 Character A Conversation on Writing with Gish Jen Gish Jen, Who’s Irish? (1999) The Craft of Characterization What You See Is What You Get What’s in a Name? The Clothes Make the Man (or Woman) We Are What We (Repeatedly) Do Can You Hear Me Now? Round and Flat Characters A History of Character James Baldwin (1924–1987) *Sonny’s Blues (1957) Katherine Mans field (1888–1923) *Miss Brill (1920) Katherine Anne Porter (1890–1980) The Jilting of Granny Weatherall (1930) Reading for Character Suggestions for Writing about Character 10 Setting Setting as Physical Environment A Conversation on Writing with Barry Lopez Barry Lopez, The Location of the River (1986) Setting as Social Environment Setting and Mood Setting and Character Regional Writers Kate Chopin (1851–1904) The Storm (c. 1899) Zora Neale Hurston (1891–1960) *The Gilded Six-Bits (1933) Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849) *The Cask of Amontillado (1846) Reading for Setting Suggestions for Writing about Setting 11 Point of View Narrator and Point of View A Conversation on Writing with ZZ Packer ZZ Packer, Brownies (1999) A Participant, or First-Person, Narrator A Nonparticipant, or Third-Person, Narrator A Brief History of Point of View The Second-Person Narrator Junot Diaz (b. 1968) How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie (1995) William Faulkner (1897–1962) *A Rose for Emily (1932) Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961) *Hills Like White Elephants (1927) Reading for Point of View Suggestions for Writing about Point of View 12 Language, Tone, and Style A Conversation on Writing with Aimee Bender Aimee Bender, The Rememberer (1997) Crafting Style and Tone Style and Diction Tone and Irony A Brief History of Irony Sherman Alexie (b. 1966) *Indian Education (1993) Flannery O’Connor (1925–1964) *Good Country People (1955) Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935) The Yellow Wallpaper (1892) Reading for Language, Tone, and Style Suggestions for Writing about Language, Tone, and Style 13 Theme A Conversation on Writing with Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Cell One (2007) Craft and Theme What Theme Is Not What Theme Is Themes Through Time Identifying Themes Stephen Crane (1871–1900) The Open Boat: A Tale Intended to Be after the Fact: Being the Experience of Four Men from the Sunk Steamer Commodore (1897) Jhumpa Lahiri (b. 1967) Interpreter of Maladies (1999) A Conversation on Writing with Amy Tan *Two Kinds (1989) Reading for Theme Suggestions for Writing about Theme 14 Symbol A Conversation on Writing with Tim O’Brien, The Things They Carried (1986) Symbols in Everyday Life and Literature Symbol and Allegory The History of Symbolism Recognizing and Appreciating Symbols Louise Erdrich (b. 1954) *The Red Convertible (1974) Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804–1864) Young Goodman Brown (1835) Eudora Welty (1909–2001) *A Worn Path (1940) Reading for Symbols Suggestions for Writing about Symbolism 15 American Regionalism and Sense of Place The American West A Conversation on Writing with Dagoberto Gilb *Dagoberto Gilb, Love in L.A. (1993) John Steinbeck (1902–1968) The Chrysanthemums (1938) Leslie Marmon Silko (b. 1948) The Man to Send Rain Clouds (1969) The American South William Faulkner (1897–1962) Barn Burning (1939) Flannery O’Connor (1925–1964) A Good Man Is Hard to Find (1955) Ralph Ellison (1914–1994) Battle Royal (1952) Getting Started: A Research Project Further Suggestions for Writing and Research Some Sources for Research 16 An Anthology of Stories for Further Reading Margaret Atwood (b. 1939) Happy Endings (1983) Toni Cade Bambara (1939–1995) *The Lesson (1972) Raymond Carver (1938–1988) Cathedral (1984) Anton Chekhov (1860–1904) The Lady With The Pet Dog (1899) Gabriel Garc�a M�rquez (b. 1928) *A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings: A Tale For Children (1972) Shirley Jackson (1916–1965) *The Lottery (1948) D. H. Lawrence (1855–1930) *The Rocking-Horse Winner (1933) Ursula K. Le Guin (b. 1929) The Kerastion (1994) Alice Walker (b. 1944) Everyday Use *New: Online Casebooks: Fiction *Interactive Casebook: Fiction into Film *Excerpts from Anonymous, Beowulf *Excerpt from the screenplay “Beowulf” *Clips from the film (video) Kevin J. Wanner, “Warriors, Wyrms, and Wyrd: The Paradoxical Fate of the Germanic Hero/King in Beowulf “ (criticism) Ty Burr, “Behold ‘Beowulf’” (movie review) Roger Avary and Neil Gaiman, Adapting Beowulf for the Movie (interview) *Excerpt from Swift, Gulliver’s Travels *Excerpt from the screenplay, “Gulliver’s Travels” *Clips from the film (video) *Ian Johnston, Lecture on Swift's Gulliver's Travels (criticism) *Anders Wotzke, Gulliver’s Travels [2010] (review) *F Scott Fitzgerald, “Curious Case of Benjamin Button” *Excerpt from the screenplay, “Curious Case of Benjamin Button” *Clips from the film (video) *Todd McCarthy, “The Curious Case of Benjamin Button” (review) *Bob Seery, “The Curious Case of Benjamin Button” by F. Scott Fitzgerald *Masters of Craft: Fiction *Ambrose Bearce, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge *Willa Cather, Paul’s Case *Colette, The Hand *Stephen Crane, The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky *Charles Dickens, Hard Times, an excerpt *Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Minister’s Black Veil *Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Birthmark *O. Henry, Gift of the Magi *Sara Orne Jewett, White Herons *Jack London, To Build a Fire *Edgar Allen Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart Edgar Allen Poe, The Fall of the House of Usher *Leo Tolstoy, Death of Ivan Ilyich *Mark Twain, Jumping Frogs of Calaveras County *New: Contemporary Voices: Fiction *Danielle Evans, “before you suffocate your own fool self” *Lauren Groff, “Delicate, Edible Birds” *Tayari Jones, “Best Cousin” *Michael Knight, “Dogfight” *Valerie Laken, “Family Planning” *Rattawut Lapcharoensap, “Draft Day” *William Lychack, “Stolpestad” *Anna Menendez, “Travelling Madness” *Nami Mun, “Nothing About Love or Pity” *Benjamin Percy, “The Roof People” PART 3: Poetry 17 Reading a Poem in Its Elements A First Reading: “Duffing into It” A Conversation on Writing with Carolyn Forch� Carolyn Forch�, The Museum of Stones (2007) A Critical Reading An Interactive Reading of “The Museum of Stones” A Contextual Reading An Interactive Reading of William Shakespeare’s “My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun” The Craft of Poetry Robert Burns (1759–1796) O my luve’s like a red, red rose (1794) Robert Hayden (1913–1980) Those Winter Sundays (1962) Sappho (c. 630–570 B.C.E.) A Fragment (c. 600 B.C.E.) William Wordsworth (1770–1850) I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud (1804) Elizabeth Alexander (b. 1962) Emancipation (2005) William Butler Yeats (1865–1939) Sailing to Byzantium (1927) Billy Collins (b. 1941) *Introduction to Poetry (1996) 18 Writing about Poetry A Conversation on Writing with Li-Young Lee Two Poems by Li-Young Lee Eating Alone (1986) Eating Together (1986) A Guide to Writing from Reading A Sample Student Essay in Progress Interact with the Reading Initial Response An Interactive Reading of “Eating Alone” Explore Your Ideas Freewriting Journaling Brainstorming Develop a Thesis Create a Plan for Your Paper Outlining Generate a First Draft First Draft Revise Your Draft Second Draft Edit and Format Your Paper *Crafting Your Own Voice: Quotation Final Draft 19 Types of Poetry A
Conversation on Writing with Stephen Mitchell[The Secret of Life] —from
the Bhagavad Gita (“Love Song to God”) (c. 500–200 B.C.E.) TYPES OF POETRY LYRIC Song of Solomon 4:1–7 [Behold, thou art fair, my love] —from the King James translation of the Bible D. H. Lawrence (1885–1930) Piano (1918) William Butler Yeats (1865–1939) Leda and the Swan (1924) EPIC George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788–1824) [Bob Southey! You’re a poet] —from the Dedication to Don Juan (1819) [I want a hero] —from Don Juan, Canto the First (1819) DRAMATIC Robert Browning (1812–1889) My Last Duchess (1842) FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–1861) *When Our Two Souls Robert Browning (1812–1889) Love Among the Ruins (1855) Pablo Neruda (1904–1973) I Do Not Love You Except Because I Love You (1959) Adrienne Rich (b. 1929) Living in Sin (1955) Rainer Maria Rilke (1875–1926) Archaic Torso of Apollo (1908) Rumi (c. 1207–1273) Some Kiss We Want (c. mid-thirteenth century) 20 Words A Conversation on Writing with Marie Howe Marie Howe, What the Living Do(1997) WORD CHOICE: VARIETIES OF DICTION A Brief History of Poetic Diction John Keats (1795–1821) Ode on a Grecian Urn (1819) W. H. Auden (1907–1973) Funeral Blues (1940) Gwendolyn Brooks (1917–2000) We Real Cool(1960) GENERAL VS. SPECIFIC LANGUAGE William Shakespeare (1564–1616) Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? (1609) Matthew Arnold (1822–1888) Dover Beach (1867) ALLUSION Anthony Hecht (1923–2004) The Dover Bitch (1967) Philip Larkin (1922–1985) Aubade (1980) DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION Elizabeth Bishop (1911–1979) The Fish (1946) James Wright (1927–1980) A Blessing (1963) WORD ORDER Robert Frost (1874–1963) Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (1923) Wallace Stevens (1879–1955) The Emperor of Ice-Cream (1923) Lucille Clifton (1936–2010) *Praise Song (2000) Walt Whitman (1819–1892) *I Hear America Singing (1860) Reading for Words Writing about Words FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY Billy Collins (b. 1941) The Names (2002) e. e. cummings (1894–1962) in Just- (1920) John Donne (1572–1631) A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning (1633) Martin Espada (b. 1957) *Why I Went to College (2001) Naomi Shihab Nye (b. 1952) The World in Translation (1995) Leslie Marmon Silko (b. 1948) *Love Poem (1970) Kevin Young (b. 1970) *Langston Hughes (2001) 21 Voice: Tone, Persona, and Irony A Conversation on Writing with Stephen Dunn Stephen Dunn, After (2002) TONE Randall Jarrell (1914–1965) The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner (1945) Theodore Roethke (1908–1963) My Papa’s Waltz (1948) Wallace Stevens (1879–1955) Sunday Morning (1915) Anne Bradstreet (1612–1672) The Author to Her Book (1678) FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY Joy Harjo (b. 1951) Morning Song (2001) Gary Soto (b. 1952) Mexicans Begin Jogging (1981) William Stafford (1914–1993) Traveling through the Dark (1962) William Carlos Williams (1883–1963) This Is Just to Say (1934) PERSONA Ben Jonson (1573–1637) On My First Son (1616) A HISTORY OF PERSONA Sylvia Plath (1932–1963) Daddy (1966) Rita Dove (b. 1952) Flash Cards(1989) Walt Whitman (1819 –1892) *O Captain! My Captain! (1865) Ai (b. 1947) Riot Act, April 29, 1992 (1993) William Butler Yeats (1865–1939) Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop (1932) FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY Christopher Marlowe (1564–1593) The Passionate Shepherd to His Love (c. 1599) Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849) *The Raven (1845) Anne Sexton (1928–1974) *Cinderella (1971) Natasha Trethewey (b. 1966) Letter Home (2002) IRONY Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872–1906) To a Captious Critic (1901) Wilfred Owen (1893–1918) Dulce et Decorum Est(1920) Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869–1935) Richard Cory(1897) Thomas Hardy (1840–1928) The Convergence of the Twain (1912) FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY Stephen Crane (1871-1900) *War Is Kind (1899) e. e. cummings (1894–1962) next to of course god america i (1926) John Donne (1572–1631) Song (1633) Marge Piercy (b. 1949) *Barbie Doll (1973) Gil Scott-Heron (1949–2011) The Revolution Will Not Be Televised (1970) Reading for Voice Writing about Voice 22 Imagery & Symbol A Conversation on Writing with Jane Hirshfield Two Poems by Jane Hirshfield Tree (2000) Button (2000) Kobayashi Issa (1763–1827) On a branch (c. 1800) Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694) *Heat Lightning Streak Ezra Pound (1885–1972) In a Station of the Metro (1916) H.D. (Hilda Doolittle; 1886–1961) Sea Poppies (1916) William Carlos Williams (1883–1963) The Red Wheelbarrow(1923) Wallace Stevens (1879–1955) Anecdote of the Jar (1923) Allegory and Parable Jane Kenyon (1947–1995) The Blue Bowl (1990) W. H. Auden (1907–1973) Mus�e des Beaux Arts (1940) Anne Carson (b. 1950) Automat (2000) Cathy Song (b. 1950) Girl Powdering Her Neck (1983) Rita Dove (b. 1952) *Sonnet in Primary Colors William Blake (1757–1827) Songs of Innocence(1794): The Chimney Sweeper Songs of Experience (1794): The Chimney Sweeper FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY William Blake (1757–1827) The Sick Rose Robert Bly (b. 1926) Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter (1962) George Herbert (1593–1633) *The Altar John Keats (1795–1821) Ode to a Nightingale (1819) Amy Lowell (1874–1925) Patterns (1914) Pablo Neruda (1904–1973) *[Under the Net of Our Kisses] (1958) Octavio Paz (1914–1998) *Touch (1994) Sylvia Plath (1932–1963) *Lady Lazarus (1965) Reading for Images and Symbols Writing about Images and Symbols 23 Figures of Speech A Conversation on Writing with Al Young Al Young, Doo-Wop: The Moves (2006) FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE Michael Ondaatje (b. 1943) Sweet Like a Crow(1989) SIMILE AND METAPHOR A BRIEF HISTORY OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE Margaret Atwood (b. 1939) you fit into me (1971) N. Scott Momaday (b. 1934) *Simile (1974) Sylvia Plath (1932–1963) Metaphors (1960) Linda Pastan (b. 1932) Jump Cabling (1984) HYPERBOLE AND UNDERSTATEMENT Robert Frost (1874–1963) Fire and Ice (1923) SYNECDOCHE AND METONYMY Henry Reed (1914–1986) Naming of Parts (1946) PERSONIFICATION AND APOSTROPHE William Wordsworth (1770–1850) Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 (1807) William Blake (1757–1827) Ah! Sun-flower (1793) Gabriella Mistral (1889–1957) Fugitive Woman (1954) PARADOX AND OXYMORON Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694) Kyoto (c. 1680) PUN A. R. Ammons (1926–2001) Their Sex Life (1991) HUMOR Lucille Clifton (1936-2010) Homage to my hips (1991) Dorothy Parker (1893–1967) *One Perfect Rose (1923) FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY John Ciardi (1916–1986) Most Like an Arch This Marriage (1958) e. e. cummings (1894–1962) *she being Brand (1926) John Keats (1795–1821) To Autumn (1819) Theodore Roethke (1908–1963) Root Cellar (1948) Sonia Sanchez (b. 1934) *Rite On: White America (1970) Carl Sandburg (1878–1967) *Chicago (1916) Walt Whitman (1819–1892) A Noiseless Patient Spider (1891) Reading for Figures of Speech Writing about Figures of Speech 24 Sound, Rhyme, & Rhythm A Conversation on Writing with Thomas Lynch Thomas Lynch, Iambs for the Day of Burial (1998) Anonymous Western Wind (c. 1500) SOUND Old English Alliterative Verse Seamus Heaney (b. 1939) Digging(1966) FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY Lewis Carroll (1832–1898) Jabberwocky (1871) John Keats (1795–1821) Bright star, would I were steadfast as thou art (1838) Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892–1950) Only until this cigarette is ended (1921) Christina Rossetti (1830–1894) A Birthday (1861) Dylan Thomas (1914–1953) *Fern Hill (1946) William Butler Yeats (1865–1939) *The Lake Isle of Innisfree (1892) RHYME Anonymous Sir Patrick Spence (1765) Alexander Pope (1688–1744) [True ease in writing comes from art, not chance] —from “An Essay on Criticism” (1711) Marianne Moore (1887–1972) The Fish (1921) Emily Dickinson (1830–1886) The difference between Despair(c. 1862) FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY Julia Alvarez (b. 1950) Woman’s Work (1994) William Blake (1757–1827) The Tyger (1794) George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788–1824) She Walks in Beauty (1815) Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906) *We Wear the Mask (1895) A. E. Housman (1859–1936) When I was one-and-twenty (1896) Marilyn Nelson (b. 1946) Chopin (1989) RHYTHM Stresses and Pauses Gwendolyn Brooks (1917–2000) Sadie and Maud (1945) *The Southeast Corner (1945) *A Song in the Front Yard METER Scansion Common Metrical Feet Number of Feet per Line Common Metric Patterns Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834) Trochee trips from long to short (1806) METRICAL VARIATION Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844–1889) Pied Beauty(1877) FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY Anonymous Scottish Ballad Bonnie Barbara Allan (1750) John Donne (1572–1631) Hymn to God, My God, In My Sickness (1633) Bob Dylan (b. 1941) *The Times They Are a’Changing (1963) John Keats (1795–1821) La Belle Dame sans Merci (1819) Audre Lorde (1934–1992) The Electric Slide Boogie (1993) Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849) Annabel Lee (1849) Reading for Sound, Rhyme, and Rhythm Writing about Sound, Rhyme, and Rhythm 25 Fixed Poetic Forms Conversation on Writing with Edward Hirsch Edward Hirsch, My First Theology Lesson (2003) Form, Fixed Form, Open Form The Building Blocks of Form THE SONNET PETRARCHAN SONNET Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–1861) How do I love thee? Let me count the ways (1850) John Keats (1795–1821) On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer (1816) SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET William Shakespeare (1565–1616) When, in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyes (1609) Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892-1950) *What lips these lips have kissed (1923) The Sonnet’s World Tour THE VILLANELLE Dylan Thomas (1914–1953) Do not go gentle into that good night (1952) Elizabeth Bishop (1911–1979) One Art (1976) THE SESTINA Elizabeth Bishop (1911–1979) Sestina (1956) THE PANTOUM Erica Funkhouser (b. 1949) First Pantoum of Summer(2003) THE HAIKU Matsuo Bashō(1644–1694) Deep autumn (c. 1600) THE EPIGRAM Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834) What Is an Epigram?(1802) Langston Hughes (1902–1967) Prayer(1955) J. V. Cunningham (1911–1985) Two Epigrams(1942) A.R. Ammons (1926–2001) Small Song (1970) THE LIMERICK Edward Lear (1812–1888) There was an Old Man with a gong(1846) J. D. Landis (b. 1942) Starvation Diet (2008) Laurence Perrine (b. 1915) The limerick’s never averse(1982) THE ELEGY A.E. Housman (1859–1936) To an Athlete Dying Young (1896) W. H. Auden (1907–1973) In Memory of W. B. Yeats (1940) Theodore Roethke (1907–1973) Elegy for Jane (1953) THE ODE Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) Ode to the West Wind (1820) FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY Robert Browning (1812-1889) *Porphyria’s Lover (1836) Chaucer (1342-1400) *The Canterbury Tales (c. 1369-1372): General Prologue John Donne (1572-1631) *Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God, for You (c. 1610) H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) (1886-1961) *Helen (1924) Seamus Heaney (b. 1939) Mid-Term Break (1966) Andrew Hudgins (b.1951) Elegy for My Father, Who Is Not Dead (1991) Dorianne Laux (b. 1952) The Shipfitter’s Wife (1999) John Milton (1608–1674) When I consider how my light is spent (1655?) Robert Pinsky (b. 1940) Sonnet (1983) William Wordsworth (1770–1850) *Lines Written A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey, On Revisiting The Banks Of The Wye During A Tour, July 13, 1798. William Butler Yeats (1865–1939) The Second Coming (1921) Reading for Fixed Forms Writing about Fixed Forms 26 Open Form A Conversation on Writing with Robert Hass Robert Hass, Meditation at Lagunitas (1979) Open Form Poetry VERS LIBRE, FREE VERSE, AND OPEN FORM Walt Whitman (1819–1892) Song of Myself (1855) Sherman Alexie (b. 1966) Defending Walt Whitman (1996) e. e. cummings (1894 –1962) since feeling is first (1926) Galway Kinnell (b. 1927) After Making Love We Hear Footsteps (1980) C. K. Williams (b. 1936) Tar(1983) Sharon Olds (b. 1942) Sex without Love (1984) VISUAL POETRY George Herbert (1593–1633) Easter Wings(1633) John Hollander (b. 1929) Swan and Shadow(1969) Chen Li (b. 1954) War Symphony (1995) Dylan Thomas (1914–1953) Vision and Prayer(1945) PROSE POEMS Carolyn Forch� (b. 1950) The Colonel (1982) Garth Risk Halberg (b. 1978) Divorce (2007) FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY Jimmy Santiago Baca (b. 1952) Choices (1986) Marilyn Chin (b. 1955) Turtle Soup (1987) Sandra Cisneros (b. 1954) Pumpkin Eater (1994) Allen Ginsberg (1926–1997) A Supermarket in California (1955) Lorna Goodison (b. 1947) On Becoming a Tiger (2000) D. H. Lawrence (1885–1930) Snake (1921) Denise Levertov (1923–1997) The Ache of Marriage (1964) Robert Lowell (1917-1977) *For the Union Dead (1959) Pat Mora (b. 1942) *Immigrants (1986) Alberto �lvaro R�os (b. 1952) Nani (1982) Ezra Pound (1885–1972) The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter (1915) Gary Soto (b. 1952) *Behind Grandma’s House (1985) May Swenson (1919-1989) *Women (1968) Walt Whitman (1819-1892) *When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer (1865) James Wright (1927–1980) Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio (1959) Reading for Open Form Writing about Open Form 27 Langston Hughes: A Case Study on Langston Hughes and His Contemporaries The Harlem Renaissance The New Culture of Harlem “Negro Vogue” Langston Hughes (1902–1967) The Poetry of Langston Hughes The Negro Speaks of Rivers (1921) Mother to Son (1922) Negro (1922) I, Too (1925) The Weary Blues (1925) Po’ Boy Blues (1926) Song for a Dark Girl (1927) Let America Be America Again (1936) A New Song (1938) Ballad of the Landlord (1940) Dream Boogie (1951) Night Funeral In Harlem (1951) Theme for English B (1951) The Blues (1958) The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain (1926) Countee Cullen (1903–1946) Incident (1925) *For a Lady I Know (1925) Helene Johnson (1907–1995) Sonnet to a Negro in Harlem (1927) Claude McKay (1889–1948) *If We Must Die (1919) *America (1922) The White City (1922) Jessie Redmon Fauset (1884–1961) Touch� (1927) Jean Toomer (1894–1967) Reapers(1923) *Song of the Son Angelina Weld Grimk� (1880–1958) Fragment (c. 1930) Getting Started: A Research Project Further Suggestions for Writing and Research Some Sources for Research Online Sources Print Sources 28 American Plain Style: A Case Study on Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost The Roots of American Plain Style Emily Dickinson (1830–1886) Success is counted sweetest (c. 1859) I taste a liquor never brewed— (c. 1860) Some keep the Sabbath going to Church— (c. 1860) Safe in their Alabaster Chambers— (1861) I like a look of Agony (c. 1861) Wild Nights—Wild Nights! (c. 1861) There’s a certain Slant of light (c. 1861) I felt a Funeral, in my Brain (c. 1861) I’m Nobody! Who are you? (c. 1861) The Soul selects her own Society— (c. 1862) After great pain, a formal feeling comes— (c. 1862) Much Madness is divinest Sense— (c. 1862) I died for Beauty—but was scarce (c. 1862) I heard a Fly buzz—when I died— (c. 1862) The Brain—is wider than the Sky— (c. 1862) I started Early—Took my Dog— (1862) Because I could not stop for Death— (1863) *My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun— (1863) One need not be a Chamber—to be Haunted— (c. 1863) A narrow Fellow in the Grass (c. 1865) The Bustle in a House (c. 1866) Tell all the Truth but tell it slant— (c. 1868) There is no Frigate like a Book (c. 1873) *My life closed twice before itS close (c. 1896) Robert Frost (1874–1963) Mowing (1913) After Apple-Picking (1914) Mending Wall (1914) Birches (1915) “Out, Out—” (1916) The Road Not Taken (1916) Nothing Gold Can Stay (1923) Acquainted with the Night (1928) Desert Places (1936) Design (1936) The Gift Outright (1942) The Silken Tent (1942) Getting Started: A Research Project Emily Dickinson Critical Readings on Emily Dickinson Exploring Biography Exploring Historical Context Exploring Critical Perspectives Making Connections Robert Frost Critical Readings on Robert Frost Exploring Biography Exploring Historical Context Exploring Critical Perspectives Making Connections Further Suggestions for Writing and Research Some Sources for Research Emily Dickinson Online Source Print Sources Robert Frost Online Source Print Sources 29 An Anthology of Poetry for Further Reading Kim Addonizio (b. 1954) First Poem for You (1994) Gloria Anzald�a (1942–2004) To live in the Borderlands means you (1987) W. H. Auden (1907–1973) The Unknown Citizen (1940) William Blake (1757–1827) The Lamb (1794) The Little Black Boy (1794) London (1794) Anne Bradstreet (1612–1672) To my Dear and Loving Husband (1678) Robert Browning (1812–1889) Meeting at Night (1845) Parting at Morning (1845) Judith Ortiz Cofer (b. 1952) Quincea�era (1987) Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834) Kubla Khan (1797–1798) e. e. cummings (1894–1962) anyone lived in a pretty how town (1940) Buffalo Bills (1923) l(a (1923) John Donne (1572–1631) Death Be Not Proud (c. 1610) The Flea (1633) The Sun Rising (1633) H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) (1886–1961) Heat (1916) T. S. Eliot (1888–1965) The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock (1915) Louise Erdrich (b. 1954) Dear John Wayne (1984) Nikki Giovanni (b. 1943) *Ego Tripping (there may be a reason why) (1973) *Nikki-Rosa (1968) Thomas Hardy (1840–1928) The Darkling Thrush (1900) George Herbert (1593–1633) Love (1633) Robert Herrick (1591–1674) Delight in Disorder (1648) To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time (1646) Upon Julia’s Clothes (1648) Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844–1889) God’s Grandeur (1877) The Windhover (1877) A. E. Housman (1859–1936) Loveliest of trees, the cherry now (1896) Ben Jonson (1573–1637) To Celia (1616) John Keats (1795–1821) *The Eve of St. Agnes (1820) *When I have fears that I may cease to be (1818) Yusef Komunyakaa (b. 1947) Facing It (1988) Emma Lazarus (1849–1887) The New Colossus (1883) Audre Lorde (1934-1992) *Hanging Fire (1978) Richard Lovelace (1618-1658) *To Lucasta (1649) Archibald MacLeish (1892–1982) Ars Poetica (1926) Andrew Marvell (1621–1678) To His Coy Mistress (1681) W. S. Merwin (b. 1927) For the Anniversary of My Death (1967) John Milton (1608–1674) [Of Man’s first disobedience] Janice Mirikitani (b. 1942) *Suicide Note (1987) Wilfred Owen (1893–1918) Anthem for Doomed Youth (1917) Linda Pastan (b. 1932) Ethics (1980) Molly Peacock (b. 1947) Desire (1984) Sylvia Plath (1932–1963) Mirror (1963) Sir Walter Raleigh (1552–1618) The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd (1600) Dudley Randall (1914–2000) The Ballad of Birmingham (1969) Ishmael Reed (b. 1938) beware: do not read this poem (1972) Adrienne Rich (b. 1929) Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers (1951) Diving into the Wreck (1973) Christina Rossetti (1830–1894) Echo (1862) Carl Sandburg (1878–1967) Fog (1916) Anne Sexton (1928–1974) Letter Written on a Ferry while Crossing Long Island Sound (1961) William Shakespeare (1564–1616) Let me not to the marriage of true minds (1609) Not marble, nor the gilded monuments (1609) That time of the year thou mayest in me behold (1609) Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) Ozymandias (1818) Patricia Smith (b. 1955) *What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl (for Those of You Who Aren’t) (1991) Gary Soto (b. 1952) Saturday at the Canal (1991) Wallace Stevens (1879–1955) Disillusionment of Ten O’Clock (1923) Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird (1917) Adrienne Su (1967– ) *The English Canon (2000) Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892) Ulysses (1842) Quincy Troupe (b. 1943) *Poem Reaching towards Something (1997) Phyllis Wheatley (1753–1784) On Being Brought from Africa to America (1773) William Carlos Williams (1883–1963) Spring and All (1923) William Wordsworth (1770–1850) London, 1802 (1802) The Solitary Reaper (1807) The World Is Too Much with Us (1807) William Butler Yeats (1865–1939) When You Are Old (1893) *New: Online Casebooks for Poetry *New: Interactive Casebook: Poetry as Song and Performance William Shakespeare, “Fear no more the heat o’ the sun” *The Last Poets, “Made in Amerikkka” (video) *Marc Smith, “Dusty Blues” (video) *Leonard Cohen, “Bird on a Wire” (video) *Kenneth Carroll “So What! (for the white dude who said dis ain’t poetry)” (video) *Lawson Fusao Inada, “Grandmother” Emily XYZ, “Ship of State of Fools” *New: Masters of Craft: Poetry *Basho, “Dusk” *Basho, “On a Leafless Branch” *William Blake, “The Little Boy Lost” *William Blake, “The Little Boy Found” *Anne Bradstreet, “Before the Birth of One of Her Children” *Thomas Hardy, “The Man He Killed” *Thomas Hardy, “The Ruined Main” *Langston Hughes, “Ballad of Booker T.” *Langston Hughes, “Blues and Jazz” *Langston Hughes, “Mother to Son” *Christina Rossetti, “Echo” *Sappho, “Immortal Aphrodite” *Stevie Smith, “Not Waving But Drowning” *Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “Crossing the Bar” *Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “Break, Break, Break” *Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “Charge of the Light Brigade” *Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “The Eagle” *New: Contemporary Voices: Poetry *Samiya Bashir, “Gospel” *Samiya Bashir, “Where the Apple Falls” *Ken Chen, “Juvenilia” *Christina Davis, “Advertisement for the Mountain” *Camille Dungy, “Ark” *Camille Dungy, “Soldier’s Girl” *Vivee Francis, “Blue-Tail Fly” *Matthew Hittinger, “Pear Slip” *Tung-Hui Hu, “Mine” *Tung-Hui Hu, “The Book of Motion” *Christine Hume, “Musca Domestica” *Christine Hume, “Alaskaphrenia” *Christine Hume, “Shot” *Zilka Joseph, “Lands I Live In” *Raymond McDaniel, “Murder (a violet)” *Raymond McDaniel, “Saltwater Empire” *Karyna McGlynn, “Alabama Steve” *Kate Middleton, “Fire Season” PART 4: Drama 30 Reading & Viewing a Play in its Elements The Elements of Drama A Conversation on Reading Drama with Marian Seldes Susan Glaspell (1876–1948) Trifles (1916) Reading for the Stage The Origins of Drama Types of Drama Tragedy Comedy David Ives (b. 1951) Moby Dude, OR: The Three-Minute Whale (2004) Suggestions for Writing 31 Writing about Drama From Reading to Writing A Conversation on Writing with Edward Albee Edward Albee, The Zoo Story(1958) Analysis vs. Review Advice from the Critics A Critic’s Review A Sample Student Essay in Progress Interact with the Reading An Interactive Reading from Edward Albee’s The Zoo Story One Student Begins How do different elements affect the audience? Does the play’s historical context help provide insight into the play? What genre of play is it? A History of Comedy in Tragedy Write an Initial Response Explore Your Ideas Freewriting Journaling Brainstorming Develop a Working Thesis First-draft thesis Second-draft thesis Final thesis Create a Plan Generate a First Draft First Draft Revise Your Draft Second Draft Edit Your Sentences, Proofread, and Format Your Paper Final Draft *Crafting Your Own Voice: Paraphrase Suggestions for Writing 32 Greek Drama: A Case Study on Sophocles A Conversation on Sophocles with Gregory Nagy The Oedipus Story Sophocles (496?–406/5 B.C.) The Oedipus Myth Sophocles, Oedipus the King (c. 430 B.C.) Ancient Greek Drama War and Oedipus The King Conventions of Greek Drama The prologue in Oedipus the King The p�rados in Oedipus the King The episodia in Oedipus the King The �xodos in Oedipus the King Greek Tragedy Reading Greek Tragedy Getting Started: A Research Project Further Suggestions for Writing and Research Some Sources for Research 33 William Shakespeare: A Case Study A Conversation on Shakespeare with Ralph Williams William Shakespeare (1564–1616) Tips for Reading Shakespeare William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (c. 1600) The Origins of the Hamlet Story The Elizabethan Theater Language Onstage The Origins of Drama in the Christian Church Shakespeare’s Confounding Diversity Exploring A Midsummer Night’s Dream William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night’s Dream (c. 1595) Exploring OTHELLO Reconstructing Shakespeare William Shakespeare, Othello, the Moor of Venice (c. 1601) Getting Started: A Research Project Further Suggestions for Writing and Research Some Sources for Research Online Sources Print Sources 34 Modern Drama A Conversation on Writing with Arthur Miller Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman (1949) From the Palace to the Living Room, or, the Origins of Modern Theater Method Acting: Realism Onstage Henrik Ibsen (1828–1906) A Doll’s House (1879) Tennessee Williams (1911-1983) The Glass Menagerie (1945) *Lorraine Hansberry (1930–1965) *A Raisin in the Sun (1958) The Bard of Pittsburgh August Wilson (1945–2005) Fences (1986) An Actor’s Perspective on Modern Theater and August Wilson A Glimpse at the Work of Ruben Santiago-Hudson A Conversation on Writing with Ruben Santiago-Hudson Photos from Lackawanna Blues (2005) Reading Modern Drama Suggestions for Writing about Modern Drama 35 Contemporary Theater Experimental Theater Joan Ackermann (b. 1950) The Second Beam (2004) David Henry Hwang (b. 1957) The Dance and the Railroad (1982) Denise Chavez (b. 1948) Guadalupe � 3 (2009) Suggestions for Writing about Contemporary Theater *New: Online Casebooks for Drama *New: Today’s Shakespeare *King Lear *Video of King Lear *Robert Lloyd, ‘King Lear’ on PBS’ ‘Great Performances’ (review) *Joyce Carol Oates, “Is this the Promised End?”: The Tragedy of King Lear (criticism) *Macbeth *Video of Macbeth *Jon Sobel, ‘Macbeth with Patrick Stewart’ (review) *John Boe, “The Tragedy of Macbeth: Modern Criticism and Critical Controversies” (criticism) *New: Masters of Craft: Drama *Anonymous, Everyman *Christopher Marlow, Dr. Faustus *Ben Johnson, Volpone *Aphra Behn, The Rover *John Webster, The White Devil *Richard Sheridan, School for Scandal *Oscar Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest *George Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion *New: Contemporary Voices: Drama Arthur Kopit, Conversation with the Author (video interview) Arthur Kopit, Wings *Sarah Ruhl, Eurydice *August Schulenberg, The Lesser Seductions of History Appendix 1: Critical Approaches to Literature Appendix 2: MLA Documentation Style Guide Glossary Credits Photo Credits Index of First Lines of Poetry Index
